What is Bronchitis?

Bronchitis is an infection that causes swelling and irritation in the large airways (bronchi) of the lungs. The main symptom is a cough, which may bring up mucus (phlegm). Most cases of bronchitis are caused by viruses, not bacteria.

What are the Symptoms?

– Cough (with or without mucus)

– Sore throat

– Mild fever or chills

– Chest discomfort

– Feeling tired

The cough from bronchitis usually lasts about 2 to 3 weeks, but sometimes it can last a bit longer.

How is Bronchitis Diagnosed?

Bronchitis is usually diagnosed by a healthcare provider after talking about symptoms and doing a physical exam. Most people do not need a chest X-ray or lab tests unless there are signs of pneumonia or another serious illness.

Do I Need Antibiotics?

Most people with bronchitis do not need antibiotics. This is because viruses cause almost all cases, and antibiotics do not work against viruses. Studies show that antibiotics do not help most people get better faster and can cause side effects like stomach upset, allergic reactions, and antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics may be considered if:

– There is concern for pneumonia or another bacterial infection.

– The cough lasts more than 2 weeks with symptoms like severe coughing fits, whooping, or vomiting (which could be pertussis/whooping cough).

How Can I Feel Better?

Bronchitis usually gets better on its own. Here are some ways to manage symptoms:

– Get plenty of rest.

– Drink fluids to stay hydrated.

– Use a humidifier or breathe in steam to help with cough and congestion.

– Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with fever or discomfort, but they do not shorten the illness.

Cough medicines (like dextromethorphan or codeine) and other remedies have not been shown to help most people with bronchitis, and some can cause side effects. Inhalers (like albuterol) are only helpful if there is wheezing or a history of asthma or lung disease.

When Should I Call My Healthcare Provider?

Contact your healthcare provider if you have:

– Trouble breathing or shortness of breath

– Chest pain

– High fever that does not go away

– Cough lasting more than 3 weeks

– Coughing up blood

– Symptoms that get worse instead of better

How Can I Prevent Bronchitis?

– Wash hands often to prevent infections.

– Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.

– Get recommended vaccines, like the flu shot.

Key Points to Remember

– Bronchitis is usually caused by a virus and gets better on its own.

– Antibiotics are not needed for most people.

– The cough can last 2 to 3 weeks.

– Rest, fluids, and time are the best treatments.