Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in babies and young children, especially under 2 years old. It is usually caused by a virus called respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which spreads easily through coughs, sneezes, and touching contaminated surfaces.

What are the symptoms?

– Runny nose and stuffy nose

– Sneezing

– Mild fever

– Cough

– Fast or hard breathing (may see chest pulling in or belly moving more)

– Trouble feeding or drinking

Symptoms often start like a cold and then get worse over a few days. Most children get better in 1–2 weeks.

How is bronchiolitis diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose bronchiolitis by asking about symptoms and examining the child. Tests like chest X-rays or lab tests are usually not needed.

How is bronchiolitis treated?

There is no medicine that cures bronchiolitis. Treatment focuses on helping the child feel better and preventing dehydration:

– Make sure the child gets enough fluids. If they are not drinking well, sometimes fluids are given through a tube or IV in the hospital.

– Keep the child comfortable and let them rest.

– Use a bulb syringe or nasal suction to help clear mucus from the nose if needed.

– Use fever medicine like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) if needed, but only as directed.

– Oxygen may be given in the hospital if breathing is very hard or oxygen levels are low.

What treatments are NOT recommended?

– Medicines like albuterol, epinephrine, or steroids do not help most children with bronchiolitis and are not recommended.

– Antibiotics do not help because bronchiolitis is caused by a virus, not bacteria.

– Chest physiotherapy is not helpful.

When should a child see a doctor?

Call a doctor or go to the emergency room if the child:

– Is breathing very fast or hard, or you see chest or belly pulling in with each breath

– Has trouble eating or drinking, or is making fewer wet diapers than usual

– Looks very tired, pale, or blue around the lips or face

How can bronchiolitis be prevented?

– Wash hands often and clean surfaces regularly.

– Keep babies away from people who are sick.

– Avoid smoking around children.

– For babies at high risk (born very early, with certain heart or lung problems), a medicine called palivizumab may be given during RSV season to help prevent severe infection.

What else should parents know?

Most children recover fully from bronchiolitis. Some may have wheezing or cough for a few weeks. A small number may have a higher risk of asthma later in life.

If there are any questions or concerns, contact a healthcare provider for advice.