Allergy Immunotherapy Overview

Allergy immunotherapy is a treatment that helps the body build tolerance to things that cause allergies, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It is most often used for people with allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic asthma, or allergies to insect stings, especially when symptoms are not well controlled with medicines or avoiding allergens is difficult.

How does allergy immunotherapy work?

Immunotherapy involves giving small, controlled amounts of the allergen over time. This helps the immune system become less sensitive, so symptoms improve and may even stay better after treatment stops. The treatment can also help prevent new allergies and may lower the risk of developing asthma, especially in children with allergies.

– Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT): This is a series of allergy shots given in a doctor’s office. The amount of allergen is slowly increased until a maintenance dose is reached, usually over several months. After that, shots are given less often (about once a month). Treatment usually lasts 3 to 5 years.

Who should consider immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy may be recommended for people who:

– Have allergy symptoms that are not well controlled with medicines or by avoiding allergens

– Want to reduce their need for allergy medicines

– Have side effects from allergy medicines

– Have allergies that increase the risk of asthma or other problems

Benefits of immunotherapy:

– Reduces allergy symptoms and improves quality of life

– May prevent new allergies from developing

– Can lower the risk of developing asthma

– Effects can last for years after treatment ends

Risks and side effects:

– Local reactions (redness, swelling) at the injection or under the tongue are common and usually mild

– Rarely, serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur, especially with allergy shots. For this reason, shots are given in a medical office where emergency treatment is available.

Important things to know:

– Allergy testing is needed before starting immunotherapy to confirm which allergens are causing symptoms.

– Treatment requires commitment, as it lasts several years and regular doses are needed for best results.

– Immunotherapy is not started in people who are pregnant, have uncontrolled asthma, or cannot use emergency medicine for severe reactions.

Summary:

Allergy immunotherapy is a proven, long-term treatment for allergies that can reduce symptoms, prevent new allergies, and may lower the risk of asthma.